Harvard USPTO Patent Dataset (HUPD)
The Harvard USPTO Patent Dataset (HUPD) is a corpus of US patent applications put together for machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) work, the field of teaching computers to work with human language.
Most popular patent search tools are built for lawyers and analysts rather than for researchers training models, so their data is awkward to work with at scale. HUPD addresses that by providing a well-structured, ready-to-use collection that slots neatly into ML and NLP pipelines.
It is hosted on Hugging Face under CC BY 4.0, so you can load it directly with standard dataset tooling and use it commercially as long as you credit the source.
Related sources
EPO Espacenet & Open Patent Services
Free access to over 140M patent documents from the European Patent Office (EPO). Its Open Patent Services text analysis tools have made patent full texts much easier to reach, though the terms are open access rather than an open reuse licence.
Google Patents Public Datasets
A query-based collection of over 120M patent documents from more than 100 patent offices worldwide, including applications, pre-grant publications, and granted patents. Accessible through Google BigQuery, with hundreds of millions of USPTO events also queryable.
PatentsView
A platform from the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for exploring US patent data, with visualisation and analysis tools. It connects patents, inventors, organisations, and locations in a regularly updated database, and offers both an API and complete bulk data tables.
WIPO PATENTSCOPE
A search service for international patent collections, maintained by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It lets you search across patent applications filed under international treaties alongside national collections from many countries.