Open Food Facts
Open Food Facts is a crowdsourced database of packaged food products. Following the model of Wikipedia and OpenStreetMap, contributors use smartphones to scan barcodes and photograph ingredient lists and nutrition tables, building up a detailed record for each product.
Database dumps and exports are generated nightly, with different export flavours depending on your needs, and a JSON API is available for looking up individual products. The data now covers millions of products across more than 140 countries.
The database is under the Open Database Licence (ODbL), which lets you reuse it commercially as long as you share any derivative database under the same terms and credit the source. Individual contents use the Database Contents Licence, and product images are under CC BY-SA, so the licence differs across the parts of the dataset.
Related sources
Open Beauty Facts / Open Products Facts
Sister projects to Open Food Facts that apply the same collaborative model to cosmetics (Open Beauty Facts) and general consumer goods (Open Products Facts). Contributors scan barcodes and photograph packaging to build an open database of ingredients and product information.
OpenCorporates
A global database of companies, their directors, and regulatory filings. The largest open database of companies in the world, though bulk and API access is commercially licensed rather than freely reusable.
OpenSanctions
A database of sanctioned entities, politically exposed persons, and related risk data, aggregated from official sources worldwide. Links entities to OpenCorporates where both hold the same entity, so you can combine sanctions data with company control information.